Metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in Japanese adults
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In 6371 Japanese subjects aged 19-84 years and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes mellitus at baseline in 1997, the occurrence of CKD was studied through 2002, CKD being defined as dipstick-positive proteinuria (≥1+) or low estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to a modified ATP III criteria with body mass index (≥25 kg/m2) substituted for waist circumference measurement. After adjusting for age, sex, current cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking habits at baseline, the relative risk of developing CKD was 1.86 in subjects with metabolic syndrome (P<0.0001). Compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome risk components, the adjusted relative risk was 1.49 in those with 1 metabolic syndrome risk component, 1.89 in those with 2, and 2.65 in those with ≥3 components. The presence of metabolic syndrome was not associated with a higher prospective risk for lower glomerular filtration rate. According to the authors, the metabolic syndrome appears to be a significant and independent risk factor for the development of proteinuria-defined CKD in the Japanese population studied, which was free of hypertension and/or diabetes at baseline.
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